To solve the problem, we can use the following reasoning:

Step 1: Define Variables

Let’s denote:

• Total people = 100 (each has exactly one pet: dog or cat).
• Total males = 50, total females =50.
• Male dog owners =30 (given).
• Assume total dog owners = total cat owners =50 (since 100 people, this is a standard implicit assumption in such problems to balance the counts).

Step 2: Calculate Female Dog Owners

Total dog owners =50 → Female dog owners = Total dogs - Male dogs =50-30=20.

Step3: Calculate Female Cat Owners

Total females =50 → Female cat owners = Total females - Female dog owners =50-20=30.

Answer: 30

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